Financing infrastructure in africa a landscape of evolution and innovation stephane july, associate director, west africa icp imo leader, deloitte. Animal evolution project for this project you will research the evolutionary history of a modern organism. It is not a result of brain storming of some economist rather there is a long process of evolution since start of civilization to this modern complicated credit system. Pdf the history of money by jack weatherford topik m. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms observable traits. Some of the major stages through which money has evolved are as follows. Issues in project management to be covered in future lectures. In the meantime, the catalyst for the spread of discussions on project management and the.
Formation of a profession the central theme running through the various project management boks is that project management is an integrative process that has at its core, the balancing of the iron triangle. Pdf in this paper, we propose an evolutionary model to investigate how an. A lesson to accompany the federal reserve and you 20 federal reserve bank of philadelphia. It has undergone a long process of historical evolution. Espicially i highlighted the major topics in the video so that, you can take help from my project. Financing infrastructure in africa a landscape of evolution. Problemsproducts some people offer are not always acceptable or easy to divide for payment. Mobile money, tigo, orange money p2p funds transfer, mobile current account, consumertobusiness physicalworld purchases does not require a smartphone, works with any device that can deliver sms no payment ecosystem required to implement closedloop platform, not integrated with payment networks limited to no interoperability between schemes. In 19 th century the britishers introduced paper money into the subcontinent. One needs to take a quick test to ensure that the concepts of project inputs, outputs, effects, and impact are shared by all. Turning to project design process to emphasise the links between the different levels of the project design. It is rich in content and contains historical breadth. The money market has traditionally been defined as the market for shortterm marketable debt instruments, such as commercial paper cp and treasury fluence the intraday behaviour of money market rates, trading volumes and bidask.
The issuer of the card grants a line of credit to the. Project gutenberg is a library of over 60,000 free ebooks. Evolution of money and banking free download as powerpoint presentation. The changing appearance of money is described and pictures showing the changes are included in the article. Class 12th economics project on money cbse youtube. In the earlier stages of human civilization, to satisfy man needs, barter system took place. History of money,money,origin of coin, paper money, plastic money, powerpoint presentation on history of money, money site for kids, ppt on money visit our site. How bitcoin and digital money are challenging the global economic order money, religion, and government are the three ubiquitous and eternal human institutions.
I further searched about this forex market and got to know that it is online. An abstract on plastic money pdf download by sasidhar karetimarch 01, 20 0. Sep 21, 2017 with time and technology, the hard form of gold and silver was replaced by coinage system gold and silver coins which were to widely used as money. The evolution of money from commoditiy money to e money by susanne konig abstract by exploring the history of money, this paper describes the transition from former commodity money to todays electronic money. In this video you will see evolution of money, currency in the world for a long time, its history.
Money transfer schemes have evolved to the next generation of. Commodity money metallic money coins paper money bank money or credit money plastic money e money 7. May 04, 2015 evolution of money is probably one of the biggest invention in human history. Based on the information they learn in the film segment, they work in small groups to analyze a series of scenarios and determine which characteristic or. The tone is important, and the evolution of money goes about its task in a readable, breezy style that does not become glib. Digital south asia library, a project of the center for research libraries and the university of chicago. Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs.
From evidence to action the story of cash transfers and impact evaluation in subsaharan africa. Praise fob the history of money a fascinating book about the force that. Nov 30, 2017 the history of the indian currency notes and its evolution. Functions and characteristics of money lesson description in this lesson, students view a film segment on the characteristics and functions of money from the federal reserve and you. Production ipp project do not have the same echoes on the financial structure than those on usage or availability for a road or rail project. Genetic changes include mutations, which are caused by damage or replication errors in organisms dna. This is the monetary history of the worlds economy. A worksheet is also provided that guides students through the article. Evolution of money, convention, functional economics. After that with the passage of time man used so many other ways of satisfying its needs and wants which led to various stages of use of money as a medium of exchange. With time and technology, the hard form of gold and silver was replaced by coinage system gold and silver coins which were to widely used as money. Money is the most important invention of modern times. You will find the worlds great literature here, with focus on older works for which u. We are concerned here with some basic questions about money and not how changes in the money supply change macroeconomic variables.
As a major purpose of project evaluation is to improve value for money, the cost of project evaluation must be balanced against the benefits of improved decision making. The following points highlight the top four methods of project evaluation in a firm. Project management is the discipline of defining and achieving targets while optimizing the use of resources time, money, people, materials, energy, space, etc over the course of a. Money can be transferred from one person to another via standing orders or direct debits. The money was not invented but it evolved with passage of time according to the changing requirements of economies. A brief history of project management mosaic projects. Before the birth of money, people relied on a system of barter. Introduction to an alternative history of money levy economics. The history of money concerns the development of social systems that provide at least one of.
Barter economymoneyless economy that relies on trade or barter. From the times we bartered meat with eggs till the digital age that we have plenty options to pay for goods we want. Powerpoint presentation on money, paper money, plastic. The history of money is an article that describes the evolution of money through various time periods. It is a work of great erudition that is mercifully. A credit card is a small plastic card issued to users as a system of payment. Commodity money metallic money coins paper money bank money or credit money plastic money emoney 7. To be sure, the history of money is lost in the mists of time. The evolution of digital and mobile wallets august 2016. In this article we will be talking about the two theories which explain what money is. Of course with the technology we possess today, electronic money is commonplace. Project services pty ltd a brief history of project management. Evolution of money, convention, functional economics theory. Main aim was to remove the shortcomings of the barter system.
Oct 27, 2017 in this video you will see evolution of money, currency in the world for a long time, its history. Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and. The importance of project management is an important topic because all organisations, be they small or large, at one time or other, are involved in implementing new undertakings. It projects the messy plurality of objects and services onto a uniform metric that is easily compared and referenced. He was into this business and told me that is earning good money. Platforms for successful mobile money services authors. The emergence of new financial ecosystems necessitates new money functionalities. However, to define money merely as currency would be too narrow for economists. Ppt evolution of money powerpoint presentation free to. Benefits mutual coincidence of wants when two people want exactly what the other has and are willing to trade what they have for it. The evolution of money david orrell, roman chlupaty on. Pdf on the evolution from barter to fiat money researchgate.
The sharing economys unique customertocompany exchange is possible because of the way in which money has evolved. Briefly, evolution of money was mainly through commodity money, metallic money, paper money and bank money. Choose among free epub and kindle ebooks, download them or read them online. The next phase in the evolution in persontoperson payments. The cheque known as credit money or bank money, itself, is not money, but it performs the same functions as money. Benefits mutual coincidence of wants when two people want exactly what the other has and are willing to. You will be expected to find the modern organisms earliest ancestors and describe in general terms how your organism has evolved. The history of money can be assigned as an additional. Commodity theory asserts that money has evolved spontaneously from one of the useful commodities through a long process of barter exchanges, and cartal theory argues that money was introduced by a communal agreement or political decree or legislative action that is external to. Need to facilitate exchange of goods led to evolution of money. Pdf board of governors of the federal reserve system, 200507 05.
The history of the indian currency notes and its evolution. Since millennium, economists have advanced two competing theories on the evolution of money. In other words we will follow the larger stops money has made while growing up, going from exchanging different items to turning into the electronic money we can use today. Class 10 economics notes chapter 4 money and credit pdf download free. Central bank money remains the preferred settlement. History of money, money,origin of coin, paper money, plastic money, powerpoint presentation on history of money, money site for kids, ppt on money visit our site. Evolution of money is probably one of the biggest invention in human history. After introducing the properties of money the development of payment systems is outlined. The social infrastructure space with water, sanitation, schools and hospitals, which might be too often relayed to second place despite its essentiality, also bears its own specificities in terms of risks. Credit cards allow customers to pay for items before the money actually leaves their account.
Permission is granted to reprint or photocopy this lesson in its entirety for educational purposes, provided the user credits the federal reserve bank of philadelphia. A history of money from ancient times to the present day glyn davies published in cooperation with julian hodge bank limited university of wales press. Evolution of money and banking medium of exchange money. The paper currency act of 1861 gave the government the. Latter when logged on to my computer and searched for forex i was nearly shocked to see that 30% of forex industry was held by the individuals.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Mobile money operators typically leverage an agent network to. Money went through a long evolution before moving to a modern banking system with the convenience of paper money we use today. E1 will describe the evolution of money and why money is a necessity in todays society. It can be a shell, a metal coin, or a piece of paper with a historic image on it, but the value that people place on it has nothing to do with the physical. Objects of gold and silver were used in religious activities, as sacrifices and gifts to gods and priests and. Pdf money is considered as one of the major factors of production.
The ratio of profit expected from an investment project and. Mobile money services design and development for financial. Let us see the important stages in the evolution of money. No matter whether money is gold or paper or beads or. The first is the convention theory which looks at the evolution of money. The latest type of money is plastic money in the form of credit cards and debit cards. Doc introduction evolution of money why is it needed. The evolution of money from commoditiy money to emoney by susanne konig abstract by exploring the history of money, this paper describes the transition from former commodity money to todays electronic money.
Money transfer schemes have evolved to the next generation of electronic payments, the mobile channel. The evolution, functions and characteristics of money. This is my economics project for the year201718 on the topic money. It allows its holder to buy goods and services based on the holders promise to pay for these goods and services. Costs and timing costs the resources devoted to each evaluation should be commensurate with the size and importance of expenditure involved. People keep a part of their cash as deposits with banks, which they can withdraw at their convenience through cheques. The last stage of evolution of money was in the form of bank deposits especially demand deposits, which people hold with the commercial banks and that can be withdrawn at any time. Money as medium of exchange has seen little innovation since the introduction of paper currencies and cashless transfers in the nineteenth century.
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